No ABC Tem – História do desenvolvimento industrial de SBC

Post author By NoABCtem
Post date June 26, 2020
33 Comments on No ABC Tem – História do desenvolvimento industrial de SBC

A inauguração da Via Anchieta, em 1947, marca o início de uma fase de acelerado crescimento em São Bernardo. Incentivadas pelas facilidades logísticas proporcionadas pela estrada, pela presença de mão-de-obra razoavelmente qualificada na região e também por alguns incentivos fiscais concedidos, um grande número de empresas estrangeiras se instala na cidade. Em consequência da vinda de gigantescas indústrias automobilísticas como a Ford, Scania e Volks e de múltiplas fábricas de autopeças como a Perkins, Gemmer e Mangels, a cidade converte-se, nas décadas de 50, 60 e 70, num dos principais polos industriais do país, atraindo enorme contingente de mão-de-obra que elas absorviam (contingente este que aumentava exponencialmente com a chegada de migrantes de várias regiões do país).

Rapidamente a pequena vila do início do século XX deu lugar a uma grande metrópole: o número de habitantes que era de 29 mil em 1950, alcançou em 1980 a marca dos 425 mil, dos quais 292 mil eram migrantes, conforme indicava o censo do IBGE realizado naquele ano. Segundo o mesmo censo, até aquele momento os maiores centros exportadores de migrantes para a região haviam sido o próprio estado de São Paulo (54,6 % do total da migração interna), Minas Gerais (14,6%), Bahia (7,4%), Pernambuco (5,4%), Paraná (5,3%) e Ceará (3,8%). Entre as regiões, o sudeste respondia por 68% do total da migração interna e em seguida vinham o nordeste (24%), o sul (6,1%), o centro-oeste (0,8%) e o norte (0,2%).

Como resultado da expansão populacional, as chácaras e sítios dos velhos núcleos coloniais deram lugar a novos loteamentos urbanos, regulares ou irregulares, transformando inteiramente as feições de bairros antigos e criando novos aglomerados.

Paralelamente ao crescimento industrial e urbano, desenvolveu-se na cidade um sindicalismo fortemente organizado e com grande poder reivindicatório, o que levou São Bernardo, durante as crises econômicas do final dos anos 70 e início dos 80, a ser o palco de alguns dos mais incisivos movimentos grevistas já ocorridos na história do país.

Na década de 90, a cidade foi afetada pelo impacto das grandes alterações ocorridas na economia mundial. A abertura comercial e o acirramento da competição internacional impulsionaram transformações estruturais no mercado de trabalho e na organização da produção (que já se delineavam nas décadas anteriores). Em São Bernardo, o setor industrial perdeu parcela de sua importância, ao mesmo tempo em que cresceu o setor de serviços e a economia informal.

A São Bernardo contemporânea, que em 2010 já possuía 746 mil habitantes, conta com os problemas próprios das grandes metrópoles, tais como a violência, a poluição e o déficit habitacional, todos inimagináveis décadas atrás. Por outro lado, alguns dados que mensuram o desenvolvimento humano da cidade apontam outra faceta deste processo: em 1970, a expectativa de vida que um indivíduo tinha em São Bernardo era de 52 anos, hoje ela passa dos 70 anos. A mortalidade infantil caiu mais de 10 vezes no mesmo período e simultaneamente houve um intenso crescimento da escolaridade média.

FONTE: HISTÓRIA DA CIDADE

33 replies on “No ABC Tem – História do desenvolvimento industrial de SBC”

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